Greg Brockman once wrote that converting OpenAI to for-profit after Elon Musk had committed to a nonprofit structure would be "pretty morally bankrupt." On Monday, a federal judge in Oakland ruled that a jury will hear him say it — Brockman is expected to take the stand in his own defense, according to the San Francisco Standard.
Musk donated $38 million to OpenAI beginning in May 2016, with the nonprofit structure as the stated basis for his support, according to Local News Matters. Internal communications show he viewed that structure as foundational. In a September 2017 email, he gave OpenAI's leadership a final ultimatum: "Either go do something on your own or continue with OpenAI as a nonprofit," according to Local News Matters. The company's response, documents show, was to begin planning the conversion anyway. OpenAI completed the conversion in October 2025, cementing the nonprofit foundation at roughly 26 percent against Microsoft's 27 percent, according to OpenAI's own structure page. The nonprofit holds nearly the same financial stake as the commercial investor it was supposed to check.
Musk is seeking $134 billion in damages, according to CNBC. OpenAI has called the lawsuit baseless harassment, driven by Musk's jealousy, his regret at walking away, and his interest in protecting xAI, his competing AI venture, according to WIRED.
The witness list gives the trial its architecture. Musk will take the stand. So will Altman. So will Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI's former chief scientist and a central figure in the 2023 board crisis that nearly ended Altman's tenure. Greg Brockman is also expected to appear. And Satya Nadella, Microsoft's chief executive, has been subpoenaed, and his testimony would put the world's second-most-valuable company directly in the frame.
What to watch is whether the jury treats the conversion as plan or capitulation. If the former, the lawsuit faces a structural problem: it is difficult to successfully sue a company for becoming what you should have expected it to become. If the latter, the damages calculation becomes a question of what OpenAI would have looked like had it stayed nonprofit — a question without a clean answer.
An amicus brief filed by former OpenAI employees, entered into the court record, described the 2023 board crisis as a symptom of governance structural failures rather than a singular governance event. That framing — governance as the real defendant, not Altman — is the bet Musk's legal team is making.
The question is whether an Oakland jury can answer it: should two billionaires settle humanity's most consequential technology question in a courtroom?